| CLAUSIUS RUDOLF ( JULIUS EMMANUEL )
( 1822-1888 ): | | German physicist who formulated the second law of thermodynamics and is credited with making thermodynamics and is credited with making thermodynamics a science. He also made important contributions to the kinetic theory of gases. |
| KELVIN, WILLIAM THOMPSON, LORD
( 1826-1907 ): | | He was a British scientist who played a major role in the development of the law of conservation of energy, the absolute temperature scale ( in degrees kelvin ); the dynamical theory of heat; the mathematical analysis of magnetism and electricity, including the basic ideas for the electromagnetic theory of light. |
| BOLTZMANN, LUDWIG EDUARD
( 1844-1906 ) | | He was an Austrian physicist whose greatest achievement was the development of statistical mechanics, which explains and predicts how the properties of atoms such as their masses and forces between then determine the large scale properties of matter such as heat capacity, viscosity and thermal conductivity. the relation between energy and temperature is named in his honour. |
| JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT ( 1818-1889 ). |
| He was a British physicist who discovered, with william thompson ( later Lord Kelvin ) the famous Joule - thompson. expansion effect of real gases. He also laid the foundation for the first law of thermodynamics. |
| Waals, JOHANNES DIEDERIK VAN DER:
( 1837-1923 ) | | He was a Dutch physicist who formed a mathematical equation which describes both the gaseous and liquid states of matter. |
| GALILEO GALILEI ( 1564-1642 ): |
| He was an Italian Scientist, discovered the principle of inertia, invented the concept of acceleration, studied motion of objects under constant gravitational force, established equality of gravitational and inertial mass; co-inventor of the telescope; first to see mountains on the moon, the satellites of Jupiter and the rings of saturn. |
| ISAAC NEWTON ( 1692-1727 ): |
| He was an English scientist; enunciated the basic Laws of Motion; extended the concept of force from terrestrial to celestial phenomena; discovered the Universal law of gravitation; explained Kepler's Laws of planetary motion ; made basic contribution to study of light, including decomposition of white light into various colours, the phenomenon of Newton's rings etc. co-inventor of differential calculus. |
| KEPLER, JOHANNES ( 1571-1630 ): |
| He was an astronomer, geometer. and physicist of German Origin. He discovered three laws of planetary motion, based on the ainstaking observations of Jycbo Brabe and his coworkers ( including Kepler himself ). |
| ALBERT EINSTEIN ( 1879-1955 ): | | He was a German born physicist. He advanced a series of theories that for the first time asserted the equivalence of mass and energy and gave entirely new concepts of space, time & gravitation.
He discovered the famous theory of photo-electric effect for which he got Nobal Prize, He advanced the electromagnetic energy. |
| HENRY CAVENDISH ( 1731 - 1810 ): |
| He invented the torsion balance to measure the Newtonion gravitational constant by a laboratory experiment, and thus weighed the earth. He also performed experiments on the composition of air and properties of hydrogen. the Cavendish laboratory of combridge University was set up in his honour in 1871. He found various results on electricity also. |
| CHARLES AUGUSTIN DE COULOMB ( 1736-1806 ): |
| He was French scientist. He discovered ' Coulomb's Law'. He also worked on inverse square law among like and unlike magnetic poles, friction, windmills, elasticity of metal and silk fibres. |
| KARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS ( 1777-1855 ): |
| He, along with Wilhelm Welser, built the first electric telegraph in 1833. He was a child prodigy and was gifted in mathematics, physics, engineering, astronomy and even land surveying. He gave his GAUSS'S LAW in electrostatics. |
| MICHAEL FARADAY ( 1791-1867): |
| He was the discoverer of electromagnetic induction, laws of electrolysis and basis and basic relations between light and magnetism. He was the originator of the idea of the electro-magnetic field and lines of force. |
| ANDRE MARIE AMPERE ( 1775-1836 ): |
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| He was a French physicist who founded & named the science of electrodynamics or electromagnetism. He formulated the law of magnetic force between electric currents, based on his own experments. |
| Dolton, JOhn ( 1766-1844 ): |
| He was an English physicist and chemist who developed the most fundamental atomic theory that marked the establishment of chemistry as a true science. He make important contributions to meteorology, diffusion of gases, thermal expansion of gasses and theory of colour blindness. |
| Advogadro, Amedeo ( 1776-1856 ): |
| He was an Italian physicist who first set forth the 'AVOGADRO'S HYPOTHESIS'. Also Avogadro's law is one of the basic concepts of chemistry. |
| Maxwell, James Clerk ( 1831-1879 ): |
| He was scottish physicist who explained & found connections between time-varying electric and magnetic fields and also proposed a set of equations for these ( Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field). He found quantitative theory of electromagnetic waves He contributed to colour vision, kinetic theory of gases, distribution of velocities among molecules in a gas and their mean free path. |
| DE BROGLIE, PRINCE LOUISEVICTOR ( 1892 - 1987 ) |
| He was a French physicist who put forth revolutionary idea of wave nature of matter. |
| RUTHERFORD, ERNEST ( 1871-1937) |
| He was a British Physicist, who discovered alpha - rays and beta - rays, created modern theory of radio activity, proposed the planetary model of atom & estimated the approximate size of the nucleus. |
| BOHR, NIELS HENRIK DAVID ( 1885 -1962 ). |
| He was a Danish physicist who explained the spectrum of hydrogen atom based or quantum ideas; & he gave a theory of nuclear fission based on the liquid - drop model of nucleus. |
| FERMI ENRICO ( 1901 - 1954 ). |
| He was an Intalian physicist who studied nuclear transmutations and discovered fermions. He developed the atomic pile and the first controlled nuclear chain reaction. |
| CURIE, MAIRE NEE SKLADOWAKA ( 1867-1934 ). |
| She was born in poland & recognized both as a physicist and as a chemist. She along with her husband isolated radium and polonium. She was the first person to be awarded two Nobel Prizes - for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911. |
| S. CHANDRASEKHAR (1910-1995): |
| He was born in Lahore, India 1910. He was with the University of chicago, USA since 1937 after taking his education in India and Cambridge University, England. On the basis of his theory of white dwarfs, he derived the well-known Chandrasekhar's limit for their masses. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1983. |
| Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543): |
| He was born in Poland. He studied medicine and law in addition to astronomy. His book is 'De revolutionibus orbium celestium'. By introducing his heliocentric theory of the solar system, revolutionized astronomy. |
| Edwin Hubble ( 1889-1953 ): |
| He was an American astronomer originally trained in law and was also good at athletics and boxing. He made an important discovery known as 'Hubble's Law. His indication of the existence of exchange of extragalactic nebulae initiated the study of the Universe beyond our galaxy. |
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